Analysis Essay: Introduction, Body Paragraph and Conclusion

Posted on 03/02/2022, Modified on 05/06/2022     Writing Skills

1. Introduction

Components of a Introduction:

  1. “hook” / transition into the summary (1-2 sentences)
    1. Ask a question that is not immediately answerable
    2. A fact or statistic
    3. An important phrase/quotation
    4. A *short* personal story
  2. Summary of the essay / background information (1-2 sentences)
    1. Author’s name / check the spelling and pronoun (he/she/they)
    2. Title of the essay, including quotation marks (“The Danger of a Single Story”)
    3. Author’s main argument/main idea
  3. Thesis Statement (1 sentence long)
    1. Answers the question (Do you think it’s important to recognize our own complexity, as well as other people’s? Why or why not?) /arguable
    2. Clearly-stated
    3. Concise
    4. Can give supporting points
    5. Can mention personal experience (“Including my own experiences as a such-and-such person living in Queens, I believe that…”)

 

Sample Essay Introduction:
 

        ["hook"] The concept of identity is a complex one, shaped by individual characteristics, family, society and even politics. Who am I? The answer sadly depends in large part on who the world around me says I am. [Summary/background information] In the essay ‘The Danger of a Single Story’ by Chimamanda Adichie, she believes that stories matter, but all too often in our lives we operate from the perspective of hearing and knowing a single story about a person, a situation or a conflict. Adichie believes that the single story is what can lead people to default assumptions, conclusions and decisions that might lead to misunderstanding and stereotypes that even she experienced in her life. [Thesis Statement] Some may argue that is not important to recognize the complexity in ourselves and others; however, I strongly believe that its extremely important to recognize how complex we are because we can mitigate and minimize the harmful impact of stereotypes.

 

Attributes of a good thesis:

  • It should be contestable, proposing an arguable point with which people could reasonably disagree. A strong thesis is provocative; it takes a stand and justifies the discussion you will present.
  • It tackles a subject that could be adequately covered in the format of the project assigned.
  • It is specific and focused. A strong thesis proves a point without discussing “everything about …” Instead of music, think "American jazz in the 1930s" and your argument about it.
  • It clearly asserts your own conclusion based on evidence. Note: Be flexible. The evidence may lead you to a conclusion you didn't think you'd reach. It is perfectly okay to change your thesis in the beginning!
  • It provides the reader with a map to guide him/her through your work.
  • It anticipates and refutes the counter-arguments
  • It avoids vague language (like "it seems").
  • It avoids the first person. ("I believe," "In my opinion")
  • It should pass the So what? or Who cares? test (Would your most honest friend ask why he should care or respond with "but everyone knows that"?) For instance, "people should avoid driving under the influence of alcohol," would be unlikely to evoke any opposition.

 


 

2. Body Paragraph

Components of a Body Paragraph:

  1. Topic sentence: “One reason why it’s important to minimize the harmful impact of stereotypes is _____.”
  2. Possibly more explanation
  3. Examples from Adichie: “For example, Adichie writes, ‘….’”
    Quote sandwich” – introduce the quote, state the quote, paraphrase the quote
  4. Explaining your evidence
    Reasons why the author might feel this way (consider how it connects back to your thesis)
    Outside information – personal connections or another text, data or statistics
    Consequences/implications

 

Other materials:

Paragraph structure: https://writingcenter.unc.edu/tips-and-tools/paragraphs/ (This link includes information about the components of an effective paragraph.)

Verbs to introduce quotes: Effective Verbs for Referring to Source Material
 

Our body paragraphs explain our supporting points for our thesis statement.

Thesis:
“I agree with Adichie that it is important to recognize how complex other people’s cultures are because if we do not, it contributes to the marginalization of certain powerless people.”

Body Paragraph Components:

  1. Topic sentence (states what the paragraph is about) (1-2 sentences)
  2. Evidence (quotation from the reading) (2 sentences)
    1. Must include a signal phrase (“Adichie states,” “According to Adichie,” etc.)
    2. Must include quotation marks
    3. Must include a citation at the end of the quotation in parentheses
      1. If we have a page number, we use that
        According to Adichie, “jadjfaldjflsjf” (p. 2).
      2. If there is no page number, we type out an abbreviated version of the title, ex. (“Single Story”)
  3. Explanation of quotation (*at least* three sentences)
    1. Identify specific words and phrases within quotation we use as evidence
    2. Explain how these words and phrases help support our own argument

 

Sample Body Paragraph with transitions:

COMMON TRANSITIONAL WORDS & PHRASES:
https://depts.washington.edu/owrc/wp-content/uploads/2021/05/Using-Transitions-Effectively.pdf
https://web.mit.edu/course/21/21.guide/tran-cwp.htm

        One way single stories make people feel powerless is that they teach people at a young age whose story gets told and whose doesn’t. While writing about her reading of British and American children’s books as a young child, Adichie states, “What this demonstrates, I think, is how impressionable and vulnerable we are in the face of a story, particularly as children” (1). In fact, she uses words like “impressionable” and “vulnerable” to show how much we are influenced by the message from those in power that certain people’s stories belong in books and other people’s stories do not. Moreover/Furthermore, she specifies that she is talking about readers “as children” because to her this is when we are most vulnerable. Therefore/As a result, we are at that crucial stage of adolescence when we observe the world but might not understand it – or [might not] be mature enough to challenge it. 

        Additionally, Adichie points out that…

 


 

3. Conclusion

Reference:

https://github.com/Qingquan-Li/files/blob/main/LearnEnglish/writing/4/Conclusions.pdf

 

What is a Conclusion?

A conclusion is the last paragraph of your essay and presents your final thoughts on the topic at hand without introducing new information. The conclusion accomplishes two important goals: it reminds the audience of what they read before and creates both a lasting impact on the reader and a sense of resolution.

 

Structure of a Conclusion

  1. Thesis (rephrased)
  2. Recap of Main Points
  3. Impactful Ending
    • Quote
    • Call to Action
    • Prediction

 

1. Thesis

In order to remind your readers of what you have tried to prove in your essay, start your conclusion by restating your thesis.
This version of your thesis statement should not simply be a word-for-word recapitulation of what you wrote in your introduction.

  • Statement in Introduction
    Despite this reputation, pizza should be praised for its intricate flavors, nutrition, affordability, and cultural adaptability.
  • Statement in Conclusion
    Far from being junk food, pizza turns out to be a delicious, nutritious, affordable, and customizable meal.

2. Main Points

In order to remind your readers of how you proved your thesis, you should follow it with a brief summary of the points you made in your essay. Again, this recapitulation should be expressed in words different from the topic sentences of your body paragraphs.

  • Statement in Introduction:
    Pizza toppings such as fresh, vitamin-rich garden vegetables and lean meats can contribute to a healthy diet.
  • Statement in Conclusion:
    With its wide variety of toppings, pizza offers a wealth of healthy choices to its consumers.

3. Impactful Ending

You can prompt your readers to think more about your topic by ending the conclusion with a quote, call to action, or prediction.

  • Quote

You may want to introduce an authority figure or a more universal source to conclude the essay, adding support to your main points and showing a connection to other works and ideas. This quote should reinforce the ideas in your essay and be no longer than two lines.

Example:
For all of these reasons, New York City’s Mayor, Bill DeBlasio, was correct when he called pizza “New York’s favorite food.”

  • Call to Action

Recommend an action for readers to take on their own. If you are persuasive enough, this should create a concrete objective for them, one that they can work towards using the information that you have supplied.

Example:

So stand up for pizza and inform pizza critics of its value and potential to be a smart food choice.

  • Prediction

Tell the reader what you believe will happen next concerning the subject based on what you have discussed in the rest of the essay. Like the call to action, a prediction allows your readers to think critically about the subject after they has finished the paper.

Example:

This food will only improve as future generations continue to develop new and innovative ways to make pizza.

 

Sample Conclusion (Ending with a Prediction):

        [Thesis] Far from being mere junk food, pizza turns out to be a delicious, nutritious, affordable, and customizable meal. [Main Points] With its infinite variety of toppings, pizza offers a wealth of healthy choices to its consumers. Furthermore, it has the potential to please anyone from a food connoisseur to a hungry citizen searching for a quick and affordable option no matter where they are in the world. [Impactful Ending] This food will only improve as future generations continue to develop new and innovative ways to make pizza.