punctuation: the marks, such as period, comma, and parentheses, used in writing to separate sentences and their elements and to clarify meaning.
comma ,
semicolon ;
/ˈsemēˌkōlən/
colon :
period .
question mark ?
exclamation mark !
exclamation: /ˌekskləˈmāSH(ə)n/
ellipsis ...
/əˈlipsis/
quotation marks ' ' or " "
apostrophe / single quotation mark '
double quotation mark "
hyphen -
dash – or —
en dash –
em dash —
underscore _
slash /
A slash in the reverse direction \ is known as a backslash.
parentheses ()
Single: parenthesis: /pəˈrenTHəsəs/ Unilateral (
Plural: parentheses /pəˈrenTHəsēz/ Closed ()
brackets []
/ˈbrakitz/
curly braces {}
curly: /ˈkərlē/ 卷曲的
brace: /brās/ 支撑，支柱
Reference: https://www.grammarly.com/blog/hyphens-and-dashes/
A hyphen (-) is a punctuation mark that’s used to join words or parts of words.
A dash is longer than a hyphen and is commonly used to indicate a range or a pause.
The most common types of dashes are the en dash (–) and the em dash (—).
En dashes, which are about the width of an upper-case N. Traditionally, en dashes function as a kind of super hyphen.
Example:
pre–World War II buildings
The em dash (about as wide as an uppercase M), is most often used to indicate a pause in a sentence.
It’s stronger than a comma, but weaker than a period or semicolon.
(Whether or not you use spaces around your em dashes (word—word or word — word) is a matter of style. Whichever style you choose, use it consistently throughout your document.
If you’re writing text in a program or on a website where the em dash character is completely unavailable, use two hyphens together (–) to signify an em dash.)
Example:
The new nurse—who was wearing the same purple scrubs as the old nurse—entered the room with a tray of Jello.
I opened the door and there she stood—my long lost sister.
en dash (–): option + hyphen(-)
em dash (—): option + shift + hyphen(-)